Engine-starting system



W. A. CHRYST.

ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED 0CT.23. ma.

1 40 ,172, Patented Feb. 14, 1922 2 SHEETS-SHEET W. A. CHRYST.

ENGSNE STARUNG SYS'IEM.

APPUCAHDN mm act. 23. IQIB.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM. A. CHE-YET, OF DAYTON, OHIO. ASSIGNOR TO THE DAYTON ENGINEERING LABORATORIES COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ENGINE-STARTING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 14, 1922.

To oil whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VILLIAM A. Cnarsr, a citizen of the United States of America, residin at Dayton, county of Montgomery, State 0 Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engine- Starting Systems, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to starting systems for internal combustion engines and the like, and has among the objects of the invention the provision of a starting system in which a first controlling member is provided for rendering the ignition system operative and for automatically connecting the starting device with the engine preparatory to the main starting operation, and in which a second controlling member causes the starting device to become operative in such a manner as to start the engine.

It is a further object of the present invention to employ a motor-generator as a starting device, said motor-generator being normally connected with the engine for gen erating a current for battery charging or other purposes. In connection with said motorenerator, a first controlling device is emp oyed which will cause the disconnection of the generating connection with the engine and automatically establish a motor connection of said motor-generator and the engine. A second controlling device is employed for causing the motor-generator to impart' a high torque movement to the en inc for starting purposes. It is also an ohect to rovide in this connection for the automatic disengagement of the motor connections and the re-establishment of the generating connections when the engine becomes selfoperative.

Other and further objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which an em bodiment of the invention is clearly shown.

In .the drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an internal combustion engine to which the present invention is applied.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic side view of the starting and generating unit and connections therewith to the engine, certain parts being shown in section;

Fig. 3 is g wiring diagram including a diagrammatic representation of a starting and generating unit embodied in the present invention, and

Fig. t is a view of the overrunning clutch taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings, designates an internal combustion engine having cylin: ders 21 in which. reciprocate pistons, not shown, which are connected by connecting rods, not shown, with crank shaft 22 sup ported by crank case 23, and which carries at one end thereof a flywheel. 2-4. Said flywheel 24 is provided with a gear 25 with which starting unit to be described may be connected for starting purposes. Pump shaft 26 is connected with the crank shaft 27 by gearing, not shown and supplies power to pump 27, extends through pump 27 to the right thereof, as shown in Fig. l, where said shaft 26 has engagement with the starting unit to be described.

Numeral 30 designates the starting unit as a whole, which, in the present embodiment of the invention, includes a motor-generator having armature shaft 31 upon which is mounted a motor armature winding 33 connected with a motor commutator 34:. Said armature includes also a generator armature winding 35 connected with commutator 36. The motor generator has separate series motor and shunt generator field windings shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 at 37 and 38 respectively. The generator brushes 39 and 40 are held in engagement with commutator 36 by means not shown, and remain in engagement therewith during the operation of the system. The motor brush 41 is supported by brush arm 42 but insulated therefrom. A coil sping 43 cooperates with the brush arm 42 in such a manner as to yield-. ingly maintain the brush out of engagement with commutator 34. The motor crush 44 is carried by brush arm 45. Spring 46' cooperates with brush arm 45 in such a manner as to yicldingly tend to force the brush into contact with commutator 34. but said brush a4 is maintained out of contact with commutator 34 by means to be described except at such times when the motor armature winding is used for the main starting operation. Brush arm 45 also carries a switch contact element 46 which cooperates with contact 47 which is connected with the generator circuit as will be described later.

' The armature shaft 31 carries a pinion 50 adapted to enga'e with the ring gear 51/ which forms an e iement of a one-way roller clutch, and is mounted so as to rotate on member 52 in one direction, but in the opposite direction as indicated by arrows A and B to cause member 52 to rotate in the same direction upon shaft 53, which is mounted on the frame of unit 30. The member 52 is provided with tooth gearing 54 adapted to engage flywheel gear 25, and also with a grooved shoulder 55 for urposes to be described. A spring 56 is interposed between member 52 and the bracket 57 supported by the frame of unit 30, for purposes to be described.

The ump shaft 26 is provided with an internai screw threaded member 60 fixed thereon. The external screw threadeai member 61 cooperates with member 60 and is mounted to turn with shaft 31 but is slidable axially thereon by means of key connection shown at 62. Memocr 61 is provided with a cylindrical roove 63 for a purpose to be described. 1 pring 64 is interposed between member 61 and a shoulder formed upon armature shaft 31, and serves to assist in maintaining the engagement of members 61 and 60. A lever is pivotally mounted at 71 upon a bracket 72 carried 'by the frame of the unit 30, and carries a pin 73 which cooperates with the groove 63. The lever 70 is connected with lever 7 5 by means of the link 74. Said lever 75 is pivotally mounted on bracket 57 by means of pivot 76 and carries a pin 77 which cooperates with the groove 55 of member 52. The member 74 is provided with a hook member 78 having inclined surface 79. Said hook member is shown in Fig. 2 normally engaged with a pin 48 carried by the brush arm 45. While this engagement is effected it will be seen that the brush 44 will be held out of engagement with the commutator 34. It is apparent that any movement to the right as shown in Fig. 2 of the member 61 will throw the mechanism described causing a. movement to the right of the member 52 and the engagement of the gear 54 with flywheel gear 25. v

Referring to Fig. 3. 80 designates a storage battery or other source of current which is grounded by means of wire 81, and is connected by wire 82 with the motor series field winding 37 and with a switch 83 comprising an actuating element 84 carrying a movable switch element 85 which cooperates with switch elemeiit 86. Said switch element 86 is connected by means of wire 87 erator field winding 38 is connected b wire 90 with a rheostat 91 having a movabi e arm 92 which is grounded by wire 93.

Wire 82 connects the battery 80 with an ignition switch; 100 which includesmovable contact element 101 and stationary contacts 102 and 103. Contact 101 is mounted on rod 104 which is provided with a camming surface 105 adapted to engage a slotted hole 106 formed -in the switch actuating member 84 of switch 83. Rod 104 is provided with a handle 107. Ignition switch contact 102 is connected by means of wire 108 with a primary ignition winding 109 which is connected to the timer 110, which in turn is connected to wire 111 with rheostat 91. The secondary ignition circuit 112 is grounded by wire 113 through the timer 110 and is connected with distributor 114 which distributes the sparking impulses to the various spark plugs 115 which are grounded on the engine as represented by wire 116.

Wire 120 connects the battery with the lamps 121 and 122 which have ground connection at 123.

The operation of the devic e is at follows: the handle 107 of ignition switch 100 is moved so that contact 101 is in engagement with 102 and 103. The ignition circuit will then be established as follows: battery 80, wire 82, contacts 103, 101 and 102, wire 108, primary winding 109, timer 110, wire 111. rheostat 91, rheostat arm 92, and ground connections 93 and 81 to battery 80. The closing of the ignition switch will also cause the switch operating element 84 to move to the right shown in Fig. 3 by reason of engagement of cumming surface 105 and slotted hole 106 provided in the member 84. The said movement of member 84 will cause the engagement of switch elements 85 and 86. \Vhen this occurs the circuit through the battery and generator will be established as follows: battery 80, wire 82. switch elements 85 and 86, wire 87, brush 39, armature winding 35. brush 40, wire 88. switch contacts 47 and 46, brush arm 45. and ground connection 89 and 81 to battery. At the same time the generator field circuit will be established through the battery by the fol lowing connections: wire 87. field winding 38, wire 90, rheostat 91, arm 92. ground connection 93 and 81 to battery.

Vhen this circuit is established by reason of the character of the generator armature and high resistance field windings, a slow low torque movement will be given to armature shaft 31. The engine being at rest, and the member 60 stationary. the turning movement of the armature 31 will be such as to cause member 61 to unscrew itself from member 60 and to slide axially along the shaft 31. While this axial sliding movement is taking lace the gear 50 will be rotating slowly. he movement of member 60 will cause through the levers and and the link 74, a movement of the member 52, thereby causing next the engagement of gear 51 with gear 50. The member 52 will continue to rotate slowly upon shaft 53, and the axial movement of the member 61 will continue further and axial sliding movement will be further imparted to member 52 to the right as shown in Fig. 2. \Vhile this slow initial movement is sti l in progress the gear 54 will engage with flywheel 25 and meshing movement will continue until member 61 has entirely unscrewed itself from the member 60.

During the sliding movement of member 61 to the right, link 74 will move to the left as shown in Fig. 2 and cause the hook 78 to move away from the pin 48 and allow the same to slide alon the inclined surface 79. This movement 0% link 74 will cause the brush 44 to finally come into engagement with commutator 34 and the contact members 46 and 47 finally to become separated. Separation of contacts 46 and 47 and the movement of brush 44 into engagement with commutator 34 will not take place until after the gear 54 has meshed with gear 25. At this point in the operation the slow initial movement ceases.

To cause the main starting operation to take place a starting button comprising a push rod 130 is provided. Said rod has a head 131 and extends downwardly through the floor board 132 of the motor vehicle and is adapted to cooperate with the brush arm 42. but is normaliy yieldingrly maintained out of engagement with said arm 42 by means of a spring 133 interposed between the floor board 132 and the head 131. When said rod is depressed, the motor brush 41 will be forced into engagement with. the commutator 34 and the following motor current will be established battery 80, wire 82, the series high torque winding 37, brush 41, motor armature 33. brush 44, brush arm 45, and ground connections 89 and 81 to battery.

This motor circuit is so constituted as to permit a large amount of current to How from the battery and effect a high torque movement of the armature shaft 31. for the main starting operation.

lVhen the engine becomes selioperative, arid rod 131 is released and the motor circuit broken, member 52 will overriin gear 51 and no motion will be imparted to armatore shaft-31 from. the gear 25. A Shaft 31 may still rotate due to the momentum gained during the cranking operation, but shaft 26 will turnfaster than shaft 31 and cause member 61 to screw itself into member 60. The engagement of the threads of these members is assisted by springfi l. 'This movement of member 61 will cause a movement tovthe right of link 74 and a. movement to the left of member 52. as viewed in Fig. 2', and this movement will continue until the generating conditions are restored as shown in Fig. 2. Spring 56 assists in the unmeshin movement of'member 52.

From the oregoingdescription it is aparent that there has been provided a startmg system which is controlled by but two manually operable devices, namely, the first device which renders the ignition system operative and causes the starting device to be automatically connected with the engine bya definite and positive movement of gearing devices, and the second device which causes a high torque movement to be imparted to the starting device for the engine starting operation.

It is apparent that there has been provided a starting device normally disconnected from the engine, together with means for cooperating therewith for im arting an initial low torque movement to tile starting device and to facilitate the coupling'thereof to the engine, and means actin automatically upon said initial movement or coupling the starting device with the engine.

There has also been provided a starting system for an engine in which a manually operated member is provided for rendering the ignition system of said engine operative, and at the same time, to efl'ect the slow initial movement of the starting" device, together with the automatic means for coupling the starting device of the engine. The starting ally operable member for effecting the main starting operation of the starting device. The starting system is also so constructed system also includes a second manuand arranged. that after the engine has become self-operative the automatic coupling means will automatically disengage the starting device from the engine.

There has also been provided a starting system, commonly known as'the single unit system in which a motor-generator is adapted to be connected to the engine for generating purposes. More particularly there has been provided a motor-generator normally connected with the engine for generating purposes, and, in cooperation therewith, a common. controlling; device for rendering the ignition system of the engine operative, and, atthe same time for imparting a slow initial movement to the motor-generator through the generator windings, said movement automatically causing the disconnection of the generating connection of the motor-generator with the engine and establishing a motoring or crankin connection therewith. There is also incluiled a manually operable device for establishing circuit connections through high torque windings of the motorgenerator whereby a high torque movement will be imparted thereto for the main engine starting operation.

form. of embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow. 5 1. In an engine starting s stem, the combination with an engine ant a starting device therefor; means for imparting an initial low torque movement to the starting device to facilitate the connecting of said device with the engine; automatic means rendered operative by said initial movement for connectln the starting device with the engine and Ior discontinuing the initial movement of said starting device after the connecting has been substantially effected; and means for causing the starting device to operate with high torque movement.

2. .In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a starting motor having low torque and high torque windings; means for rendering'the low torque motor windings operative in order to impart an initial low tor no movement to the armature to facilitate t e connecting of the motor with the engine; means rendered automatically operative by said initial movement to connect the motor with the engine and acting to discontinue the initial'movement after the connecting has been substantially effected; and means rendering the high torque windings of the motor efiective for the main starting operation.

3. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a starting device therefor; of means for imparting only low torque initial movement to the starting device; automatic means rendered operative by said initial movement for coupling -the starting device with the engine; and

manual means for imparting a high torque movement to the starting device for the main starting operation, said manual means being efl'ective only after the said coupling operation has been substantially completed.

4. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a starting motor therefor; of means for imparting only a low torque initial movement of rotation of the armature of the motor to facilitate the coupling of the motor with the enine; automatic means rendered operative y said initial movement for coupling the motor with the engine; and manual means for causing the motor armature to operate with high torque movement for the main starting operation. said last named means being effective only after the said coupling operation has been substantially completed.

5. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a dynamo-electric machine having generator and motor windings and adapted to be connected with the enginefor generating purposes or for starting purposes; means for rendering the 65 generator windings operative for effecting an initial slow low torque movement of the machine to facilitate the coupling up of said machine with the engine; automatic means rendered operable b said slow initial movement for positive y coupling the machine with the engine; and means for rendering the motor windings operative for imparting a high torque movement to the machine for the main starting operation;

6. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a dynamo-electric machine having generator and motor windings and adapted to be connected with the enginefor generating or starting purposes; means for rendering the generator windings operative to effect an initial low torque movement of the machine to facilitate the coupling of the machine with the engine; automatic means rendered o rable by said initial movement for coupling the machine with the engine and then for rendering the generator windings inoperative when the coupling is substantially complete; and means for rendering the nfotor windings operative to effect a high torque movement of the machine for the main starting operation.

7. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a dynamo-electric machine having generator and motor windings and adapted to be connected with the engine for generating purposes or for starting purposes; manually controlled means for rendering the generator windings operative for effecting an initial slow low torque movement to the machine to facili tate the coupling up-of said machine with the engine; automatic means rendered opera-. tive by said slow initial movement for positively coupling the machine with the en- 105 gine; and manually controlled means for rendering the motor windings operative for imparting a hightorque movement to the machine for the main starting operation; said automatic means acting when the en- 110 gine has become self-operative to disconnect the starting connection of the machine.

8. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a dynamo-elec- CllC machine adapted to be connected with 116 the engine for generating or starting purposes and having generator and motor windings; means for rendering the generator windings operative to effect an initial low torque movement of the machine with the 120 engine; automatic means for coupling the nachinc with the engine and then for rendering the generator windings inoperative when the coupling is substantially complete; and means for rendering the motor windings 125 operative to effect a high torque movement of the machine for the main starting opera-. tion; said automatic means acting when the engine has become self-operative to disconnect the starting connection of the machine;

9. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a dynamo-electric machine normally connected with the engine for generating purposes; manually controlled means for imparting an initial slow lowtorque movement to the machine to cause the disconnection of the machine from the engine; means rendered automatically operative by said slow initial movement for positively coupling up the machine with the r' c u s'anr. manual engine toi eta tin p ['POSL l 7 l controlled means tor imparting a, high torque movement to the motor-generator for the main starting operation.

10. In an engine starting system. the combination with an engine and a dynamo-elem trio machine normally connected with the engine for generating purposes; manually controlled means for imparting an initial slow low torque movement to the machine to cause the disconnection of the machine from the engine; means rendered autmuativally operative by said slow initial movement for positively coupling up the machine with the engine for starting purposes; and manually controlled means for imparting a high torque movement to the machine for the main starting, operation; said automatic means acting when the engine becomes selfoperative to disconnect the motor connection of the machine with the engine and for reconnectingthe generating connection of said machine with the engine.

ll. In an engine starting system, the comhination with an engine and a dynamweler trio machine normally connected with the engine for generating purposes; manually controlled meane for imparting an initial low torque movement to the machine to cause the disa-ounei-lion of the machine from the engine; means automatically rendered operative by said initial movement to s mple the machine with lhe engine for starting purposes and then to discont nue i said initial movement after the coupling has hecn substantially ron'ipleted; and manually controlled means for causing: a high torque operation of the machine for the. main starting operation l2. In an engine starting system, the comhination with an engine and a dynamo-clertric machine normally connected with the engine i'or g zeneratiug purposes: manually controlled means for imparting an initial low torque movement to the machine to cause; disconnection of the machine with the engine; means automatically rendered operativehy said movcmeut to couple the marhiuc"withthe engine for starting urposes and then to discontinue the suid l imtial movementafter the rmipling has been substantially completed; and manually controlled means for 'ausing a high torque operation of the machine for the main starting, operation; said automatic means acting 13. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a dynamo'electrio machine normally connected to the en gone for generating purposes, said connection. including interengaging screw threaded members one connected with amoving part of the engine and another with the machlne; means for imparting an initial low torque movement to the machine to facilitate the coupling of the machine with the engine for starting purpoecs and to cause one of said scrcw threaded members to turn with respect to the other and to more ai iially; means u'tingautmnaiically upon ea d axial movement of said s rew threaded treat her for coupling up the machine with the engine for starting purposes; and means for imparting a high torque movement to the machine for thejnain starting operation.

14. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a d 'L amo-eleo tric machine normally connects to the engine for generating purposes, said connection including intcrcngagingg s rew threaded members one connected with a moving part of the engine and th other s rew threaded mcmher heiug mounted on the armature shaft of the machine and to rotate therewith and to slide axially thereon; means for imparting an initial low torque mowui'ient to the machine to facilitate the coupling of the machine with the engine for startinfi purposes anch to cause one of said screw threaded members to turn with respect to the other and to more axially; means acting automatically upon said axial movement of said screw threaded member for coupling up the machine with the engine for starting purposes; and means or imparting a, high torque movement to the machine for the mai 11 starting operation.

'15. In an engine starting system, the comhination with an engine and a dynamoelectric machine normally connected to the engine for generating purposes, said connection including intereugaging screw threaded members one connected with a moving part oi the engine and another with the machine; means for im imriim; an initial low torque movement to the machine to facilitate the coupling of the motor-generator with the engine for starting purposes and to cause one of said screw threaded members to turn with respect to the other and. to move axially; means acting automatically upon said axlalmorement of said screw threaded member for coupling up the machine with the engine for starting purposes.- and for discontinuing the slow initial tuovement after the said coupling of the machine alid bination with an engine and purposes,

engine has been substantially effected; and means for imparting a high torque movement to the machine for the main starting operation.

16. In an engine starting system, the coma dynamoelectric machine normally connected to the engine for generating purposes, said connection including inter-engaging screw threaded members one connected wit a moving part of the en inc and the other screw threaded member eing mounted on the armature shaft of the machine and to rotate therewith and to slide axially thereon; means for imparting an initial 10w torque movement to the machine to facilitate the coupling of the machine with the engine for starting purposes and to cause one of said screw threaded members to turn with respect to the other and to move axially; means acting auto matically upon said axial movement of said screw t readed member for coupling up the machine with the engine for. starting purposes, and for discontinuing the initial movement after the said Coupling of the machine with the engine for starting purposes has been substantiall effected; and means for imparting a hi ii torque movement to the machine for t e main starting operation.

17. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine and a dynamoelectric machine adapted to be connected with the engine for generatin or engine starting pur oses, said machine aving generator win ings connected to generator brushes, motor windings and normally lifted motor brushes; means for imparting an initial low torque mqvement to the machine through the generator windings to facilitate the coupling of the machine with the engine; mechanical means acting automatically during said initial movement for efiecting the connection of the dynamo-electricmachine with the engine for starting -purgoses and for lowering one of the 'motor rushes; and means for lowering the other motor brush to render the motor windings operative for the main starting operation.

18. In an engine starting system, the com-' bination with an engine ,and a dynamoelectric machine adapted to be connected with the engine for generating and starting said machine havlng generator windings connected to generator brushes, motor windings and normally lifted motor brushes; means for rendering the generator windings operative for effecting an initial low torque movement to facilitate the coupling of the machine with the engine; mechanical means acting automatically during said initial movement for coupling the machine with the engine for starting purposes, for lowering one of the'motor brushes, and for rendering the generator windings bination with an interna combustion englue and a dynamo-electric machine having a low torque circuit and a high torque CH- cuit; means for rendering the low torque circuit operative to cause a low torque movement of the machine; automatic mechanical means rendered operable by said low tor no movement for establishing a connection etween the motor and engine for starting purposes, and finally to render the low torque circuit inoperative, to cause the discontinuance oi-the low torque movement; means for renderin the high torque circuit operative for starting purposes; said automatic means acting to disconnect the connection of the machine with the engine when the engine becomes self-operative.

20. In an engine starting system, the combination with an internal combustion engine and a starting device therefor,-including a dynamo-electric machine normally connected as a generator to the engine, and having generator windings and motor windings; means for causin the generator windings to become operative to cause a low torque movement of the generator; automatic means rendered operable by said low torque movement for uncoupling the enerator connection with the engine and or establishing a motor connection of said dynamo-electricmachine with the engine, and then for ren dering inoperative the generator windings to discontinue the low torque movement; means for imparting a high tor ue movement to the machine thr ugh t e motor windings for the main starting operation; said automatic means acting to disconnect the starting connection when the engine becomes self-operative, and to render operative the generator windings and to restore the generating connection with the engine.

21. In an engine starting system, the combination with an internal combustion engine and a dynamo-electric machine normally connected as a generator with the engine, and having generator windings, motor windings and normally lifted motor brushes; means for imparting a low torque movement to the machine through the generating windings" automatic means rendered operable by said low torque movement to unoouple the generator connections, to connect the machine with the engine for starting purposes to render ino rative the generator circuit in order to discontinue the low to no, movement, and to also lower one of he motor brushes into contact with themotor commutator of the machine; means for moving the other motor brushes into contact withvthe motor commutator for imparting a hi h torque movement to the machine for the main starting operation; said automatic means acting to restore the generating conditions and to disconnect the starting connections when the engine becomes selt-operative.

22. In an engine starting system, the combination with aninternal combustion enine; of a dynamo-electric machine having a ow torque circuit and an independent high torque circuit including two switches; means for rendering the low torque circuit operativeto impart a low torque movement to the machine; means rendered automatically operative by said movement to connect the machine with the engine and to close one of the high torque circuit switches after the said connection has been substantially effected; and manual means for closing the other switch whereby to render the high torque circuit operative.

23. In an engine starting system, the combination with an internal combustion engine; of a dynamo electric machine having a low torque circuit, and an independent high torque circuit including two switches; means for rendering the low torque circuit operative to impart a low torque movement to the motor; means rendered automatically operative by said movement to connect the machine with the engine and to close one of the high torque circuit switches after said connection has been substantially efl'ected; and manual means for'closing the other switch whereby to render'the high torque circuit operative, said automatic means operating to disconnect the machine from the engine and to open one' of the high torque circuit switches when the engine becomes selfloperative.

24. In an engine starting'system, the combination with an internal combustion'en ine; of a dynamo-electric machine operabe as a generator or as a motor and having a generator circuit including a normally closed and a normally open switch, and having a motor circuit including; ,two normally open switches; means for closing the normally open generator switch to impart low torque movement to the machine; means rendered automatically operative by said movement a to connect the machine with the engine and then to open the normally closed generator circuit switch and to close one of the motor circuit switches; and means for closing the other motor circuit switch whereby the motor circuit is rendered operative.

25. In an engine starting system, the combination with an internal combustion engine; of a dynamqelectric machine operable as s generator or as a motor and having a, gen erator circuit including a normally closed and a normally open switch, and havinga motor circuit including two normally open switches; means for closing the normail y open generator switch to impart low torque movement to the machine; means rendered automatically operative by said movement to connect the machine with the engine and then to open the normally closed enerator circuit switch and to close one of t 6 motor circuit switches; and means for closing the other motor circuit switch whereby the motor circuit is rendered operative, said automatic means operating to disconnect the machine from the engine and to open one of the motor circuit switches and to close again the normally closed generator circuit switch when the engine becomes self-operative.

26. In an engine starting system, thecoinbination with an internal combustion engine; of a dynamo-electric i machine; normally connected coupling means between thelmachine and engine for generating purposes including screw and nut elements, one connected to the machine and the other to the engine, which automatically separate by a movement of the machine relative to the .ongine; independent normally disconnected gearing between the machine and engine for motoring purposes; means for impartin movement to the machine to disen age sal coupling elements; and means ren cred automatically operative by the disenga ement of said coupling elements to connect t e motor and engine through said gearing.

27; In an engine starting system, the combination with an internal-combustion engine;

of a dynamo-electric-machine operable as a,

motor or as a generator and having generator windings and high torque motor wind-c ings; means for rendering the enerator windings operative to effect an initial slow WI LLIAM A. CHRYST.

Witnesses;

M. A PEARE, J. W i'fiDoNaw.

lie 

